It would be desirable to possess rough sexual temperament much. But sometimes the strong sexual inclination, otherwise, hypersexuality, appears simply disaster. It occurs, when the sexual inclination becomes pathological, uncontrollable, impetuous. Это происходит, когда половое влечение становится патологическим, неуправляемым, безудержным.
The man or the woman starts to aspire to sexual contacts to any person, irrespective of age, appearance and even a floor of the last. Such people enter sexual contact many times in day and more often with different partners. In case it is not possible to find that, sexual intercourse is replaced with intensive masturbation. В случае, если такового найти не удается, половой акт заменяется интенсивной мастурбацией.
Such behavior has very much a pernicious effect both on private life of the person, and on its reproductive health – shipped in the condition, гиперсексуалы often don't accept due measures to protect itself from illnesses and undesirable pregnancy, having sex with casual partners.
Divine debauchees
Nymphs, semidivine inhabitants of Ancient Greek woods, have entitled concept "nymphomania". Legends say that besides the direct duties – to be keepers of streams and any clearings, these lovely beings had rather actively sex for the reason very strong sexual inclination. Partners, usual people, nymphs dragged off in oak groves to let out them therefrom absolutely exhausted. Партнеров, обычных людей, нимфы утаскивали в дубравы, чтобы выпустить их оттуда совершенно истощенными.
Under certificates of antique authors, these inhabitants of woods have taught men to the most refined poses and caresses, including the oral and anal intercourses. And if nymphs have entitled female pathological hypersexuality god Satir from Ancient Greek myths was a prototype man's. Abnormally strong sexual inclination at men named «сатириазисом». Horned, козлоногий and eternally drunk god Satir as well as nymphs, possessed excessively high libido owing to what chased the weaker sex literally, daily copulating monstrous quantity of times. In legends it was said that that woman whom has touched Satires, any mortal man any more couldn't satisfy. Ненормально сильное половое влечение у мужчин назвали «сатириазисом». Рогатый, козлоногий и вечно пьяный бог Сатир, так же как и нимфы, обладал чрезмерно высоким либидо, вследствие чего буквально гонялся за слабым полом, ежедневно совокупляясь чудовищное количество раз. В легендах говорилось, что ту женщину, к которой прикоснулся Сатир, уже не мог удовлетворить ни один смертный мужчина.
Discharge searches
Naturally, any deviation has the reasons. True a nymphomania and сатириазис arise because of mental diseases.
Extraordinary strong excitation goes as though «from a head», and the body remains absolutely indifferent. That is, there is no physiological reaction of an organism, such, for example, as blood inflow to genitals. At women they at all aren't humidified. У женщин они даже не увлажняются.
Despite the repeated intercourses, an orgasm, generally, doesn't come, and if arises, doesn't bring satisfaction. The sexual desire only amplifies.
The inclination can be accompanied by delirium, the hallucinations, inadequate behavior. Sometimes excitation can grasp so the person that it is ready on any actions in search of a discharge.
The case when at the modest girl the nymphomania against a schizophrenia attack has developed is described. At this time the girl went in a train where has got acquainted with group of men, has descended with them in a city unfamiliar to it and week has spent in hotel, on many times, in day, being engaged in group sex. When the schizophrenia attack has ended, and together with it and a nymphomania, the girl was horrified from the actions and even tried to commit suicide. Когда приступ шизофрении закончился, а вместе с ним и нимфомания, девушка пришла в ужас от своих действий и даже пыталась покончить жизнь самоубийством.
Hypothalamic syndrome
Strengthening of a sexual inclination happens not only at a nymphomania and сатириазисе. Sometimes organic damages of a brain become the reason of increase of desire. More often the sexual inclination amplifies because of a tumor or an infection гипоталамуса – there is such department in a brain. This illness is called as a hypothalamic syndrome. Чаще всего половое влечение усиливается из-за опухоли или инфекции гипоталамуса – есть такой отдел в головном мозге. Эта болезнь называется гипоталамическим синдромом.
In this case at employment by sex an orgasm each time comes and brings feeling of a discharge. But because of abnormal work гипоталамуса level of sexual hormones in blood is restored in record-breaking short terms, and arises still большее excitation.
Many people with a strongly pronounced sexual inclination worry because of such feature, suspecting at itself deviations. However the reasons of the raised libido can disappear in your genes or in ardent temperament. What now, a valerian to drink or of soothing pills to swallow? Enjoy yourselves! Love! Also remember that sexual life is always shorter than life as a whole! Что же теперь, валерьянку пить или успокоительные пилюли глотать? Наслаждайтесь! Любите! И помните, что сексуальная жизнь всегда короче жизни в целом!
You can make love though ten times a day. Being married, to contain three mistresses and, from time to time, desperately to frig. But you have also other interests. Difference of a maniacal sexual inclination also consists in it from strong sexual temperament. Но у вас есть и другие интересы. В этом и заключается отличие маниакального полового влечения от сильного сексуального темперамента.
So, we will sum up. To the men, wishing to meet the nymphomaniac and to commit suicide in such exotic way as a sexual exhaustion, we inform – you will meet mentally abnormal person. Also that it can make with you, nobody knows. Suddenly in it of six poods of weight, and you weren't trained in struggle сумо, what then?! И что она может с вами сделать, никому не известно. Вдруг в ней шесть пудов веса, а вы не обучались борьбе сумо, что тогда?!
To people whom, despite intensive sexual life, chronically doesn't manage to achieve satisfaction, it is necessary, without any constraint, to address to corresponding experts. For, as appears from all aforesaid, a nymphomania and сатириазис not independent diseases, and a consequence of others, probably, very heavy illnesses. And the qualified doctor can put the correct diagnosis only. И правильный диагноз может поставить только квалифицированный врач.
Source
It is interesting, how our grandfathers and grandmothers had sex? Also what has changed today? Give, compare the statistics collected by the known American researcher of sex by Alfredom Kinsi in 1948 both 1953 and the data of various researches of the beginning of the third millenium. Давайте, сравним статистику, собранную известным американским исследователем секса Альфредом Кинси в 1948 и 1953 годах и данные различных исследований начала третьего тысячелетия.
Half a century ago the first sexual experience by 16 years was received by 22 % of men, by 19 years – 54 %. At women of 6 % and 29 % accordingly. Poll Durex spent in 2004 worldwide, has shown that middle age of the first sexual contact – 17,7 years. Englishmen on the average start to do it in 16,7, Icelanders in 15,7, and Vietnameses in general till 20th years remain virgin. By 20 years have tried a forbidden fruit of 80 % of men and 76 % of women. Опрос Durex, проведенный в 2004 году по всему миру, показал, что средний возраст первого сексуального контакта – 17,7 лет. Англичане в среднем начинают делать это в 16,7, исландцы в 15,7, а вьетнамцы вообще до 20-ти лет остаются девственными. К 20 годам попробовали запретный плод 80% мужчин и 76% женщин.
However to have sex people didn't become more often. If during former times 20-year-old men and women had on the average sex 2,8 times a week, 30-year-old – 2,2, 50-year-old – 1 nowadays on the average only 103 once a year worldwide have sex. 35 % by 44 years have sex 116 times, and from 16 % to 20 % — 91 times a year. Champions, as always, Frenchmen – 137 times a year, Greeks – 133, and Japanese only 46 times a year. 35% к 44 годам занимаются сексом 116 раз, а от 16% до 20% — 91 раз в год. Рекордсмены, как всегда, французы – 137 раз в год, греки – 133, а японцы всего лишь 46 раз в год.
Earlier premarital sex was destiny of 68 % of men and 50 % of women. Now almost 80 percent of young men approve premarital communications. The number of the girls entering sexual relations before marriage, has grown to 79 %. The number of the young men practising premarital sex, has increased to 71 %. There were sharp changes in sexual installations and behavior. In 1950 13 percent of girls considered itself sexually active, in 1990th years the share of those has increased to 47 percent. Число девушек, вступающих в сексуальные отношения до брака, выросло до 79%. Число юношей, практикующих добрачный секс, возросло до 71%. Произошли резкие изменения в сексуальных установках и поведении. В 1950 году 13 процентов девушек считали себя сексуально активными, в 1990-х годах доля таковых возросла до 47 процентов.
At the time of Kinsi the prelude to sex occupied from 22 % of married pairs more than 30 minutes, 11 % spent for it 3 minutes, 36 % — from 4 till 10 minutes, 31 % — from 11 till 20 minutes. The prelude to sex worldwide occupies from modern people approximately 20 minutes. From 16 till 20th years people spend for a prelude for 4 minutes longer, than those to whom for 55 years. Englishmen on the average spend for it 22,5 minutes whereas Thais cope all for 11,5 minutes. От 16-ти до 20-ти лет люди тратят на прелюдию на 4 минуты дольше, чем те, кому уже за 55 лет. Англичане в среднем тратят на это 22,5 минуты, тогда как тайцы управляются всего за 11,5 минут.
In the past the orgasm by 20th years was tested by 50 % of women, and by 35th years about 90 %. 10 % of married ladies never reached an orgasm with the husbands. According to poll of 1994 year, 75 % of men and 29 % of women always tested an orgasm with the partners. However, other research has shown that 40 % of women and 17 % of men simulated an orgasm. Согласно опросу 1994-го года, 75% мужчин и 29% женщин всегда испытывали оргазм со своими партнерами. Впрочем, другое исследование показало, что 40% женщин и 17% мужчин имитировали оргазм.
In the middle of the last century about 50 % of men and 26 % of women accordingly by 40th years were though time is got mixed up in an adultery. Whether today to a question «Changed to the wife at least time?» 58 % of men have in the affirmative answered. However organizers of poll are assured that this the number is underestimated, as even at anonymous poll not all men have wanted to admit changes. In their opinion, the real figure should make not less than 70 %.» утвердительно ответили 58% мужчин. Однако организаторы опроса уверены, что эта число занижено, так как даже при анонимном опросе далеко не все мужчины захотели признаваться в изменах. По их мнению, реальная цифра должна составлять не менее 70%.
Source
The person on the average endures 16 hours of an orgasm about the life, and nine months (in this time it is possible to take out the child!) spends behind washing and an ironing.
About it it is told in the research of German magazine Geo Sapere announced yesterday by popular newspaper Bild Zeitung.
Calculation strictly mathematical, it is based on vital habits of Germans, but can be applied and to other people. Research is based on that, what is the time every day (or every month) is devoted to various kinds of activity. Proceeding from average life expectancy in 78 years, the magazine has established that men and women two weeks spend to Germany for all life in the prayers on the average, six months on the trips, five years they eat and drink, 24 years and 9 months — sleep. Исходя из средней продолжительности жизни в 78 лет, журнал установил, что мужчины и женщины в Германии за всю жизнь проводят в среднем две недели в молитвах, шесть месяцев в поездках, пять лет они едят и пьют, 24 года и 9 месяцев — спят.
As to sex throughout life on everyone it is necessary on the average, besides 16 hours of the orgasm, six weeks of erotic preludes — so are confirmed by experts Geo Wissen. Duration of an orgasm was counted up taking into account that the culmination moment of passion lasts some instants.
Source
Purchase process begins, when the person understands that it has an unsatisfied requirement. It arises, when desirable level of satisfaction differs from current level. We will consider the basic stages of process of a choice the buyer of shop and goods purchase. Рассмотрим основные этапы процесса выбора покупателем магазина и покупки товара.
Let's consider the basic stages of process of a choice the buyer of shop and goods purchase. When we will speak about stages of process of purchase, remember that buyers not necessarily pass through all stages in the set order. For example, at first the buyer decides that the pair of basketball trainers is necessary for it. Then it goes to shop, finds out that in it there is no sports footwear of the suitable size, leaves and tries to find shop in which there is a mark necessary for it. In this case the buyer has made the decision on purchase still before it has gone to concrete shop. К примеру, сначала покупатель решает, что ему необходима пара баскетбольных кроссовок. Затем он идет в магазин, обнаруживает, что в нем отсутствует спортивная обувь подходящего размера, уходит и пытается найти магазин, в котором имеется необходимая ему марка. В этом случае покупатель принял решение о покупке еще до того, как он отправился в конкретный магазин.
Requirement comprehension
Purchase process begins, when the person understands that it has an unsatisfied requirement. The unsatisfied requirement arises, when desirable level of satisfaction differs from current level. For example, the person has understood that it has a requirement when he has decided to go on interview in an old dark blue suit. The clothes in which it would make good impression at interview were necessary for it, and he has realized that its worn, got out of fashion trousers and a jacket don't satisfy its requirement. Например, человек понял, что у него есть потребность, когда он решил отправиться на собеседование в старом синем костюме. Ему необходима была одежда, в которой он произвел бы хорошее впечатление при собеседовании, и он осознал, что его поношенные, вышедшие из моды брюки и пиджак не удовлетворяют его потребность.
Requirement comprehension can quickly occur and rectilinearly (when you look in the refrigerator and find out that milk all the same has ended), and can be and uncertain, as, for example, desire to note delivery of last examination. One of ways of satisfaction of requirements — a campaign in shop and acquisition of a necessary product.
Types of requirements. The requirements motivating people on a campaign in shop and purchase of the goods, are subdivided on functional and psychological. Functional requirements directly are connected with physical characteristics of a product. For example, the person giving special attention to a hairdress, probably, is motivated to purchase of the new hair dryer. Its purchase is based on representation that the hair dryer will help to make a hairdress beautiful and stylish. Функциональные потребности напрямую связаны с физическими характеристиками продукта. Например, человек, уделяющий повышенное внимание прическе, возможно, мотивирован к покупке нового фена. Его покупка основывается на представлении, что фен поможет сделать прическу красивой и стильной.
Psychological requirements are connected with personal satisfaction which buyers receive from the process of fulfillment of purchase or possession of a product. For example, the shirt from Tommy Hilfiger as clothes, probably, is better nothing than the usual shirt bought in Kmart, however it perfectly satisfies requirement of the buyer to look fashionable. When the goods are bought for satisfaction of psychological requirement, its functional characteristics fade into the background. Когда товар покупается для удовлетворения психологической потребности, его функциональные характеристики отходят на второй план.
Many goods satisfy both functional, and psychological requirements. Probably, the principal cause on which shirt Tommy Hilfiger is bought, consists in aspiration of the consumer to improve the image, but it satisfies also functional requirement for clothes. The income of the majority of Americans more than is sufficient for satisfaction of hunger, thirst, requirements for clothes and habitation. With net profit growth psychological requirements get the increasing value. That is why shop conditions, service and the fashionable goods have for the American consumers большее value, than for buyers from less developed countries. Доход большинства американцев более чем достаточен для удовлетворения голода, жажды, потребностей в одежде и жилье. С ростом чистого дохода психологические потребности приобретают все большее значение. Вот почему обстановка магазина, сервис и модные товары имеют для американских потребителей большее значение, чем для покупателей из менее развитых стран.
Functional requirements also often name rational, and psychological — emotional requirements. From the name can seem that visit to shop and purchase of the goods satisfying psychological needs, — something irrational. Whether but so немотивирована purchase of clothes of known fashion houses if she helps the person to perceive herself as the individual who has achieved doubtless success? Everything that buyers for the satisfaction do, it is possible to consider rational, without dependence from what — functional or psychological, requirements are satisfied. Но так ли уж немотивирована покупка одежды известных домов моделей, если она помогает человеку воспринимать себя как индивида, добившегося несомненного успеха? Все, что делают покупатели для своего удовлетворения, можно считать рациональным, вне зависимости от того, какие — функциональные или психологические, потребности удовлетворяются.
To the psychological requirements satisfied with means of visitings of shops and acquisition of the goods, the following concerns.
Stimulation. On some consumers of purchase have stimulating influence, represent a certain outlet in daily affairs. Quiet music, beautiful show-windows, aromas and the presentations spent in shops and shopping centers, create holiday atmosphere. Негромкая музыка, красивые витрины, ароматы и презентации, проводимые в магазинах и торговых центрах, создают атмосферу праздника.
Self-compensation. Consumers often buy the goods to remunerate themselves to any achievements or to get rid of depression.
Social dialogue. Shops traditionally are the centers of social activity — places where there are friends or fasten new acquaintances. In many American cities regional shopping centers have won from the markets the right to be considered as meeting place, especially at teenagers. Во многих американских городах региональные торговые центры отвоевали у рынков право считаться местом встречи, особенно у подростков.
The status and the power. Some consumers have a requirement for acknowledgement and demonstration of the status and the power. Purchases — an excellent way of its satisfaction. Bypassing shops, buyers know that for them wait, they use various services, and is absolutely free. And for some people the shop simply is one of few places where they use so necessary all attention and respect. Покупки — отличный способ ее удовлетворения. Обходя магазины, покупатели знают, что их ждут, они пользуются различными услугами, причем совершенно бесплатно. А для некоторых людей магазин просто является одним из немногих мест, где они пользуются так необходимыми всем вниманием и уважением.
Studying of new tendencies. When the person visits shop, he learns about new currents in a fashion, about new ideas that corresponds to requirement of buyers for the information on environment. For example, people, the interested music, sometimes come into musical shops only to hear novelties. К примеру, люди, интересующиеся музыкой, иногда заходят в музыкальные магазины только для того, чтобы услышать новинки.
The conflict of requirements. Making purchases, the majority of consumers aspire to satisfaction at once several requirements which frequently конфликтны and can't be sated in one shop or by means of one product. For example, requirement to buy something quickly and with convenience or to wear the most fashionable clothes contradicts necessity to save money. Hardly our hero would refuse a suit from Hugo Boss. Purchase would raise its self-appraisal and for certain would cause admiration of friends. However this requirement runs counter to its financial possibilities and necessity to get a job. The manager who will spend interview, can think that the person who has put on such suit, but applying for the lowest post in the company, is simple безответствен. As a rule, buyers find compromises between clashing requirements. Например, потребность купить что-то быстро и с удобством или носить самую модную одежду противоречит необходимости экономить деньги. Вряд ли наш герой отказался бы от костюма от Hugo Boss. Покупка повысила бы его самооценку и наверняка вызвала бы восхищение друзей. Однако эта потребность идет вразрез с его финансовыми возможностями и необходимостью получить работу. Менеджер, который будет проводить собеседование, может подумать, что человек, надевший такой костюм, но претендующий на низшую должность в компании, просто безответствен. Как правило, покупатели находят компромиссы между конфликтующими потребностями.
Stimulation of comprehension of requirement. As we already spoke before to go to shop and to get the goods, the buyer should realize presence of unsatisfied requirement. Sometimes such requirement arises in connection with the various events occurring in human life. Visit to department store has been caused by coming nearer interview and a trying on of an old suit, and advertizing The Broadway stimulated it to come to this shop. Иногда такая потребность возникает в связи с различными событиями, происходящими в жизни человека. Визит в универмаг был вызван приближающимся собеседованием и примеркой старого костюма, а реклама The Broadway стимулировала его прийти именно в этот магазин.
Retail dealers try to stimulate comprehension of requirements at consumers and to initiate purchase process. The seller will show a tie to stimulate requirement for the accessories supplementing a suit.
To stimulate comprehension of a problem and to motivate the buyer on arrival to shop and purchase fulfillment, retail dealers resort to the diversified methods. Advertizing, the direct post mailing, special actions — all it is directed on informing to buyers of data on presence of the goods or «the special prices». In shop stimulation of comprehension of requirements is assigned to sellers and on the accepted methods of representation of the goods. Внутри магазина стимулирование осознания потребностей возложено на продавцов и на принятые методы представления товаров.
Information search
Having defined requirement, the individual begins information search about retail dealers and-or products who are capable to satisfy it. Information search can was is shown, for example, to consideration of three suits presented by the seller. But so limited quantity of the information happens enough therefore the buyer already knows about what goods are on sale in shop at what prices. In case of more developed solution of a problem the volume of the collected information can be much more big, and the buyer before purchase fulfillment visits not one, and some shops. Но столь ограниченного количества информации бывает достаточно, потому покупатель уже имеет представление о том, какие товары продаются в магазине по каким ценам. В случае более развернутого решения проблемы объем собираемой информации может быть намного большим, а покупатель перед совершением покупки посещает не один, а несколько магазинов.
The demanded volume of the information. Generally speaking, the volume of the information which buyers aspire to receive, depends that they will win from search and what is the time will spend for it. Benefit which brings information search, consists in its influence on decision-making process. Whether "investigation" will help to find cheaper product or the goods possessing the best characteristics? Expenses for search include both time, and money. Trips from shop in shop stand money (expenses on public transport or gasoline and a parking). And still the main thing that the buyer loses during information search, is time. Выгода, которую приносит поиск информации, заключается в его влиянии на процесс принятия решения. Поможет ли «разведка» найти более дешевый продукт или товар, обладающий лучшими характеристиками? Затраты на поиск включают в себя как время, так и деньги. Поездки из магазина в магазин стоят денег (расходы на общественный транспорт или бензин и парковку). И все же главное, что теряет покупатель в ходе поиска информации, — это время.
As show researches, the volume of the information necessary for the buyer is influenced by following factors: 1) the nature and character of use of a got product, 2) individual characteristics of the buyer, 3) characteristics of the market and a situation in which purchase is made.
Someone collects the big files of the information, to another enough short data. Someone has got used to prepare long for purchase fulfillment, someone doesn't like to visit shops basically. Besides, the buyers who were assured of the knowledge or already having experience of purchase or use of a product, usually don't need the special information unlike those who isn't self-assured or has no experience. Кроме того, покупатели, уверенные в своих знаниях или уже имевшие опыт покупки или использования продукта, обычно не нуждаются в специальной информации в отличие от тех, кто не уверен в себе или не имеет опыта.
Information source. Buyers have two kinds of sources of the information: internal and external. The memory of buyers storing the names and images of various shops, for example, concerns internal sources. External sources of the information include advertisements, comments of friends, various signs. внутренние и внешние. К внутренним источникам, например, относится память покупателей, хранящая названия и образы различных магазинов. Внешние источники информации включают в себя рекламные объявления, комментарии друзей, различные знаки.
The major source of the information — last experience of the buyer. The person can remember only small part of that information that he saw for a day, but it always has own extensive "databank" used in case of need.
If the buyer feels that its own information doesn't suffice or it has become outdated, he addresses to external sources. We will assume that the woman wishes to replace the TV got five years ago. She would like to learn more about new models and the new shops trading in TVs. The customer has possibility to talk to friends, to visit some shops, to look at TVs offered there and to communicate to sellers. Other major source of the information are friends and relatives. Она хотела бы побольше узнать о новых моделях и новых магазинах, торгующих телевизорами. Покупательница имеет возможность поговорить с друзьями, посетить несколько магазинов, посмотреть на предлагаемые там телевизоры и пообщаться с продавцами. Другим важнейшим источником информации являются друзья и родственники.
How to reduce information search. Any retail dealer would like to limit information search by consumers by own shop. Help with achievement of this purpose any element of trade can. Помочь в достижении этой цели может любой элемент торговли.
First, the retail dealer has possibility to give to buyers a wide choice of the goods that they always have found that will satisfy their requirements in shop. Allow to narrow a circle of search of consumers and service. Possibility of reception of the credit and delivery involve the people, gathering to make large purchase, for example to get furniture or home appliances. Granting to buyers of the extensive information on the goods relieves them of necessity of gathering of additional data for other shops. Firm L.L. Bean, trading in sportswear and the equipment under catalogs, obliges each employee before the first meeting with buyers to pass the 40-sentry a course of special preparation. Therefore its operators are quite competent and of a choice of sportswear for skiing on days off, and in acquisition of a set of the equipment necessary for the Arctic travel. If the worker not in a condition to answer any question, it switches the buyer to the expert of the company. The reputation of the firm which are famous for experience in trade area of the sports goods, involves in it buyers who are assured that they will receive in L.L. Bean the exhaustive information. Возможность получения кредита и доставка привлекают людей, собирающихся совершить крупную покупку, например приобрести мебель или бытовую технику. Предоставление покупателям обширной информации о товарах избавляет их от необходимости сбора дополнительных сведений в других магазинах. Фирма L.L. Bean, торгующая спортивной одеждой и оборудованием по каталогам, обязывает каждого сотрудника перед первой встречей с покупателями пройти 40-часовой курс специальной подготовки. Поэтому ее операторы вполне компетентны и в выборе спортивной одежды для катания на лыжах по выходным, и в приобретении набора снаряжения, необходимого для арктического путешествия. Если работник не в состоянии ответить на какой-то вопрос, он переключает покупателя на эксперта компании. Репутация фирмы, славящейся опытом в области торговли спортивных товаров, привлекает к ней покупателей, которые уверены, что они получат в L.L. Bean исчерпывающую информацию.
Company Blockbuster Video has established terminals with which help buyers with ease select alternative films if the desirable cartridge hasn't appeared available that raises probability of that the visitor will hire the cartridge. Having answered some question which are set by the computer, the buyer receives the list of films in which the favourite actor or corresponding to a certain genre acted in film.
One more way to force the buyer to make purchase in this shop, instead of to search more favourable conditions, has received the name «every day — the low price». Both Wal-Mart, and Toys’R'Us apply strategy of "the daily low prices», confidence installing in buyers of their stability, that tomorrow the same goods won't fall in price on 5 %. The majority of the shops working by this principle, offer buyers possibility to return the goods and to receive back money if any firm-competitor offers it at lower price. Большинство магазинов, работающих по этому принципу, предлагают покупателям возможность вернуть товар и получить назад деньги, если какая-нибудь фирма-конкурент предложит его по более низкой цене.
Estimation of alternatives
Buyers collect and study the information on the alternative goods and shops, estimate variants and choose that from them which in the best way satisfies their requirements.
Choosing shop, buyers almost always go on any compromise. For example, purchases are more convenient for making in small little shops, but the prices there above, than in supermarkets. The choice depends on requirements of the person during the concrete moment of time. When late at night it would be desirable to buy ice-cream, the buyer is ready to pay and higher price in the nearest shop. We will note, however, that people with the big families are ready to overcome some distance to get to cheaper shop. Выбор зависит от потребностей человека в конкретный момент времени. Когда поздно вечером хочется купить мороженое, покупатель готов заплатить и более высокую цену в ближайшем магазине. Отметим, однако, что люди с большими семьями готовы преодолеть некоторое расстояние, чтобы попасть в более дешевый магазин.
To raise chances of purchase in the shop, retail dealers use following methods.
1. To be fixed in memory at buyers. The retail dealer should be convinced that the name of its shop has strongly taken a worthy place in consciousness of buyers. In memory the person always has a set of variants — alternatives which it weighs at decision-making. To get to this set, the retail dealer should apply the special programs raising probability of that buyers when there will be a necessity for new purchases, will remember its shop. To reach this purpose advertizing and a shop arrangement allow. Expensive, massed advertizing in which the accent on the shop name becomes, strengthens knowledge of it. The second way consists that in one area some shops that buyers saw the firm name is more often have. Розничный торговец должен убедиться в том, что название его магазина прочно заняло достойное место в сознании покупателей. В памяти у человека всегда есть набор вариантов — альтернатив, которые он взвешивает при принятии решения. Чтобы попасть в этот набор, розничный торговец должен применить специальные программы, повышающие вероятность того, что покупатели, когда возникнет необходимость в новых покупках, вспомнят именно о его магазине. Достичь этой цели позволяют реклама и расположение магазина. Дорогая, массированная реклама, в которой делается ударение на названии магазина, укрепляет знания о нем. Второй способ заключается в том, что в одном районе располагают несколько магазинов, чтобы покупатели чаще видели название фирмы.
2. To improve perception buyers of key characteristics of shop. The supermarket, for example, will raise an estimation buyers of the commodity assortment, offering more than refined foodstuff and a dish of various national kitchens. To improve perception of all characteristics of shop at once — business expensive enough, therefore dealers concentrate attention to the characteristics having the greatest value for target consumers. For example, the company 7-Eleven has conducted research of the market which has shown that women avoid small little shops as consider that they are unsafe and that at them bad reputation. To involve customers, in 7-Eleven have improved internal conditions in a number of shops. For sensation creation большего spaces have been expanded corridors and illumination is improved. Cigaret trays have been cleaned far away from cash desks, multi-colored indexes are established. Супермаркет, например, повысит оценку покупателями своего товарного ассортимента, предлагая больше изысканных продуктов питания и блюда различных национальных кухонь. Улучшить восприятие всех характеристик магазина сразу — дело довольно дорогое, поэтому торговцы концентрируют внимание на характеристиках, имеющих наибольшее значение для целевых потребителей. Например, компания 7-Eleven провела исследование рынка, которое показало, что женщины избегают небольших магазинчиков, так как считают, что они небезопасны и что у них плохая репутация. Чтобы привлечь покупательниц, в 7-Eleven улучшили внутреннюю обстановку в ряде магазинов. Для создания ощущения большего пространства были расширены коридоры и улучшено освещение. Сигаретные лотки были убраны подальше от касс, установлены разноцветные указатели.
3. The actions directed against competitors. The purpose of the given method consists in finishing to consumers the negative information on competing shop. It is necessary to notice that such actions can have illegal character and aren't so effective, as consumers usually are skeptical about negative remarks of one firms concerning others. Цель данного метода заключается в том, чтобы довести до потребителей негативную информацию о конкурирующем магазине. Следует отметить, что такие действия могут носить незаконный характер и не очень эффективны, так как потребители обычно скептически относятся к негативным замечаниям одних фирм относительно других.
Goods purchase
Buyers not always get a product or the mark of the goods which have received highest "estimation" as it it can not appear in shop during visit or there will be no the demanded size or a coloring. Even if the buyer will find that is necessary for it, the shop can appear closed or doesn't accept for payment this or that credit card. Therefore retail dealers should do everything to transform a positive estimation of the goods into real purchase. Поэтому розничные торговцы должны делать все, чтобы превратить положительную оценку товара в реальную покупку.
Conclusions after purchase
With acquisition of the goods purchase process at all doesn't come to an end. The buyer consumes or uses the goods, and then estimates it as satisfactory or unsatisfactory. The satisfaction is an estimation of, how much shop or the product corresponds or surpasses expectations of the buyer. Удовлетворение — это оценка того, насколько магазин или продукт соответствует или превосходит ожидания покупателя.
Conclusions which are done by the person after purchase and goods use, become a part of its internal information and influence the future decisions concerning a shop and product choice. Unsuccessful experience leads to that the buyer or will make a complaint to the retail dealer, or will prefer other shops.
Source
П Р ABOUT Д AND M:
* Conditioners «Last sigh», providing vacuum indoors for 8
Seconds
* a toilet bowl with direct outflow in drain бачек
* the gas chamber converted for preparation of pies with meat
* tea service "Chefir", coffee service "Kefir", soup service "Greedily",
шашлычницу "Scorching heat"
* 2 томник «Pearls of national nonsense»
* bicycles "Schoolboy", "Student", "Post-graduate student", "Dean"
* a spiral of an incandescence the female
* a new bowl ear, white, porcelain
* puppies of the sredne-Asian, South African, dalne-Mauritian sheep-dogs, and
Also breeds Russian criminal
* a cut of a jeans fabric on high fur boots
* Vietnameses (Vietnam), Czeches (Czechia), бурки shaped (Burkina Fasos) and valenoks
(Valka on the commission has brought)
* деньгосос "Racket"
* a Muslim edging board
* камуфлированный a quilted jacket on a lining from roofing material
* матюки – by the gross, for all occasions
* wooden ties with a pin-shishechkoj and a fastener-little squirrel
* black-and-white TV "Rainbow"
* boxing gloves from swan's down
* a radio telephone for deaf persons
* the Refrigerator «Africa-8 ″
* boots soluble
* a lek. Дерьмохренолин in loaves
* a bedside table under the piano
* a bicycle Desna-2 with a wheel of Glandy-3
* pipeline Urengoj-Pomary-Uzhgorod, самовыкоп
* spots противокамариные in injections
* a teapot with one handle, two nouses and three mouths. Eyes are absent
* TVs black-and-white, red-dark blue, zhovto-blakitnye
* a new firm corner
* an armchair-konchalku
* a bast with programmed control
* бензопилу "Enmity"
* a scarf metal
* cigarets on pouring
* modular ж/б the house 7х10 m, 2 floors, 5 rooms, 3 roofs, 8 inputs (5 black, 2
White and 1 smart), 3 inputs with turnstiles and 6 with barriers. 17.5 windows with a kind
On a cellar, garage on 3 dredges, behind the house a spiral runway
For paper самолетиков and a sandbox 9х12 the m, filled with gravel. The house gathers
3-mja generations
* knitting car «Hева-ДА« for knitting of sea knots
* подзорную a drainpipe
* hearing aids (a stereo, with an equalizer and possibility to repeat heard)
* varnished ласты on a high heel
* a coffin double
* puppies нем.«óþáÓ¬¿ sheep-dogs in rolls of 15 sq. m
* turn indexes house (is wild)
* a wedding ring in a nose
* cowards from a toilet paper
* долбательную machine "Woodpecker"
* cigarets import with the low-frequency filter and automatic injection
Nicotine in lungs
* party of an import waste
* hair of color declines on an island of Honshu (minute party 30 шт)
* window putty Donald
* a mink fur coat стриженную under "zero"
* a bagel-gum from natural Moscow ГУМа
* a color photo-album «the Pisa tower». башлять in пизанях
* a soft corner zinced 1х1х1 with stuffing from шатунных loose leaves and radical
The Australian bearings
* officer chromic boots with ski fastening
* полиэтиленовй плащик from a rain on fur
* fraction drum-type
* пиш.машинку Jatran: рус.шрифт, the wide carriage, wide keys. The class классная
Thing, but handwriting awful
* a dog, the boxer, power 3 жильный
* a bayan on spare parts
* дет.коляску "Malvina", дет.горшок "Buratino" and diapers "Father Karlo"
* a siphon and a tablet of Trihopol to it
* ОЧЕHЬ a soft corner of "Prodavlinka"
* the piano Ukraine – 5 Mgb of memory
* a tray a nursery with центрифигой
* a viewing hole 3х5 in a female bath for $
- The wife together with boots () Lenja of Pigeons
- Artificial gifts of the nature
- Socks on braces
- Shorts with a hood
Is on sale:
- The washing machine, on caterpillars. Caterpillars green, мороженные. For driving with Для езды со
Washing on tundra.
- Mania of decency. House, doesn't bite.
- The vacuum cleaner with an automatic reversion.
- Threads for climbers of firm «Hold me a straw, hold»
- Spirit of BesPohmelnyj of firm «Goes the bull-calfe, is unsteady». For the demons suffering
Hang-over.
- The digger without castors.
- The dictionary English-Russian in German.
- A bomb of unpredictable action with the slowed down management.
- Poison of instant action. The minimum party 1 ton. To add in tea on Добавлять в чай по
To teaspoon 3 times a day throughout 10 years. Manufacture: the domestic отечественный
Factory «the Kiss me, in … you will not poison» under the license of firm Proctor and
Gambel.
Here so we care of you and about yours health.
- The protective, bulletproof, water-proof, fire-resistant screen is directed -
ного actions. A guarantee – 3 years. A non-polluting product. Экологически чистый продукт.
- A portable radio telephone for field works. The built in dredge, a machine gun.
A food from an atomic power station.
- Unbreakable mirrors, not black cats, screw лесницы, etc.
- расплющеный the Bear with an inscription an oil paint on a head «Intel inside».
THE PURCHASE:
* gas баллончик with venereal illnesses
* a Great Wall copy in scale 1:1
* glasses automobile "Razpleks", "Dvapleks", "Triplex"
* "Othello's" manual juice extractor
* the children's enameled carriage with a cover
* fiber glass fabric and patterns for tailoring of a diving suit
* female shoes for the boy
* the book with transparent letters
* nurseries алюбомы for coloring PLAYBOY
* granulated sugar (two barkhans)
* the pig-iron Panamanian with a hole for a plait
* antifog flashers for miners of "First aid"
* a man's suit (double-breasted, three-deck)
* a bag of black caviar
* children's rattles, capacity 20 децибелл
* toffees with loose leaves
* urinals under Gzhel
* the guidebook to sausage scraps
* diskettes for household wooden accounts
* new bags under eyes
* a rubberized wedding dress
* the overgilded chain to a bicycle "Ukraine"
* пиш.машинку Jairan with Arabian вязью
* a strait jacket of the river 44 cheerful coloring
* offending acid (in цист.)
* coffee in ampoules
* window frames with a view of the sea
* not to offer party of cigarets "President", the request "Kravchuk" and "Yeltsin"
* slate one-wave
* a set for a manual molding of excuses
* цв.тв. »Электрон», "Proton", «Hейтрон» with a gamma radiator for the nuclear
The satellite aerial
* cigarets имп.с menthol, validol, a Dimedrol and папазолом
* a sheepskin coat from оббивочного velveteen
* enamel for teeth white, 4 banks
* a hose watering «рабица»
- A sentry hamster with a three-liter box
- Two киллограма lemons F-1 (it is possible second-hand)
- Kalashnikov's call box
- The vacuum cleaner with the jet engine
- The three-chambered refrigerator, capacity of 5,6 and more persons
- многотонажный the ice breaker "ice pick" (for fans of winter fishing)
Want to get rid of excess weight? Forget about wearisome diets and training apparatus! Scientists have found an easy and pleasant way of a weight loss. It appears, simply enough to get enough sleep. Ученые нашли легкий и приятный способ похудания. Оказывается, достаточно просто высыпаться.
Medical researches have revealed accurate communication between a lack of a dream and excess weight occurrence. Scientists have proved that chemical infringements which occur in an organism in connection with failure of a normal mode of a dream, lead to the raised appetite and, as result, to occurrence of excessive weight.
Such data has been presented at annual meeting of North American association of studying of adiposity (NAASO), passing in Vancouver.
Researchers from university of Chicago assert that in the conditions of the modern world people sleep at 2 o'clock less, than 40 years ago. They have proved communication existence between adiposity which even more often meets in an industrial society, and a dream lack, having studied change of a metabolism at group of healthy young men. During experiment scientists have broken group into three parts: the first slept 4 hours, the second – 8, and the third – the whole 12 hours. Results of research have shown that at members of the first group practically the requirement in sweet, subsequently received expression in diabetes signs at once has become aggravated. В ходе эксперимента ученые разбили группу на три части: первая спала 4 часа, вторая – 8, а третья – целых 12 часов. Результаты исследования показали, что у членов первой группы практически сразу обострилась потребность в сладком, впоследствии получившая выражение в признаках диабета.
Data of one more research presented at conference, has shown that the sleep debt is at the bottom of occurrence of many dangerous illnesses. Scientists from New York believe that the lack of a dream and an overstrain can promote development of a diabetes and heart diseases.
Scientists notice that people who sleep for 7-8 hours per day much more fine, than those who недосыпает or, on the contrary, sleeps is superfluous. “Optimum quantity of a dream – 7,7 hours per day”, – Jean-Phillip Shapu studying a problem of obesity on 323 men and 417 women in Canada, a province tells Quebec. ”It is quite possible that a year or two from now the healthy dream will be included into system of techniques of a weight loss”, – it continues. ”Вполне возможно, что через пару лет здоровый сон войдет в систему методик похудания”, – продолжает он.
Thus, it turns out that the healthy dream is not only pleasant, simple employment, but also effective means for growing thin. This fact should please.
Source
How many chiefs should have on one subordinate? And why many companies don't manage to avoid excessive growth of the management personnel? According to experts, the paradox consists that occurrence of superfluous heads – the phenomenon insuperable. По мнению экспертов, парадокс заключается в том, что появление лишних руководителей – явление непреодолимое.
Once ordinary employees of one «young, dynamically developing company», working in the Russian media market, have decided to count the bosses. The list from chiefs ten absurdly active and duplicating each other has turned out. It is curious that for four years, the past since then, all ordinary employees participating in recalculation of the heads, have safely replaced the place of work. Chiefs remained, have continued career growth and have endured some more generations of subordinates. It is curious that the similar situation develops in many companies. And even if текучки shots at level of ordinary experts manage to be avoided to prevent growth of the supervising personnel a little at whom it turns out. Любопытно, что за четыре года, прошедшие с тех пор, все рядовые сотрудники, участвовавшие в пересчете своих руководителей, благополучно сменили свое место работы. Начальники остались, продолжили карьерный рост и пережили еще несколько поколений подчиненных. Любопытно, что подобная ситуация складывается во многих компаниях. И даже если текучки кадров на уровне рядовых специалистов удается избежать, то предотвратить разрастание руководящего персонала мало у кого получается.
More is better than less
«The branched out hierarchical structure many levels is a feature of the large companies. Management of the big structures demands hierarchy at inefficiently built organization of business processes», – the chief executive of company Begin Group Maryanna Slivnitsky speaks.
«In any company which has grown and has safely passed formation process, bureaucracy development» begins, – the expert in search and selection of the personnel of company "Express personnel" Maria Sharkova considers. As she said, it is connected by that it is difficult to trace a side between the necessary employee and without whom it is possible to manage. «When the company is limited in money resources, necessarily work only necessary and when profits increase, there is an expansion of volumes of work and accordingly staff. The increased staff should be supervised, also the number of chiefs accordingly grows. Many companies can't avoid similar process», – Maria Sharkova speaks. «Когда компания ограничена в денежных средствах, поневоле работают только нужные, а когда прибыли возрастают, идет расширение объемов работы и соответственно штата сотрудников. Увеличенный штат надо контролировать, соответственно растет и число начальников. Многие компании не могут избежать подобного процесса», – говорит Мария Шаркова.
To define that already it is a lot of chiefs, simply. «Many chiefs are when one site of work supervise some persons. First of all it threatens with increase of quantity of reports on the done work», – the expert in search and selection of the personnel of company "Express personnel" speaks. Прежде всего это грозит повышением количества отчетов о проделанной работе», – говорит специалист по поиску и подбору персонала компании «Экспресс-Персонал».
Where chiefs breed
Certainly, in one companies the number of chiefs grows faster, than in others. «Usually the problem of an overabundance of heads arises in the companies where efficiency of business, minimization of expenses and a recoupment of projects aren't priorities, – Maryanna Slivnitsky speaks. – In the organizations generously financed by external investors or the state». According to the director for work with the personnel of group "Alpha insurance" of Ekaterina Uspensky, «there is a large quantity of the reasons on which harmony between number of chiefs and subordinates is broken. One of them – перестраивание structures under concrete people». It, in turn, can occur for following reasons. First, often professional growth of employees advances rates of increase of the company.« After all horizontal possibilities of growth are settled, there is a threat of leaving of valuable employees. Then the companies, aspiring to keep such experts, alter under them structure, splitting up existing divisions, creating new supervising posts. After all thus fluidity of an administrative board under the meanness law low, – is marked by Ekaterina Uspensky. – Sooner or later such style will lead to congestion of system ». – В организациях, щедро финансируемых внешними инвесторами или государством». По словам директора по работе с персоналом группы «Альфа-Страхование» Екатерины Успенской, «существует огромное количество причин, по которым нарушается гармония между численностью начальников и подчиненных. Одна из них – перестраивание структуры под конкретных людей». Это, в свою очередь, может происходить по следующим причинам. Во-первых, часто профессиональный рост сотрудников опережает темпы роста компании. «После того как все горизонтальные возможности роста исчерпаны, появляется угроза ухода ценных сотрудников. Тогда компании, стремясь удержать таких специалистов, перекраивают под них структуру, дробя существующие подразделения, создавая новые руководящие должности. Ведь при этом текучесть руководящего состава по закону подлости низкая, – отмечает Екатерина Успенская. – Рано или поздно такой стиль приведет к перегруженности системы».
Secondly, a call "from above" (especially often it occurs in state structures) when needs to be attached on someone's "warm" place of the brother, the matchmaker, the nephew and so on. Thirdly, the overload оргсистемы towards increase in quantity of chiefs sometimes meets in the companies high degree бюрократизации (for example, at a stage of recession or company aging) or in systems, зацикленных on total control. «In such systems breed and breed or divisions with duplicating functions, or competing divisions», – Ekaterina Uspensky marks. «В таких системах плодятся и размножаются либо подразделения с дублирующими функциями, либо конкурирующие подразделения», – отмечает Екатерина Успенская.
Ahead deadlock?
However it is curious that the company management which has realized that staff of managers has already ugly expanded, it appears at deadlock. «How to build correct structure is a complicated question, – Maria Sharkova speaks. – Theoretically – to define functions of each worker, correctly to distribute, spend them re-structuring and dismissals. It is difficult and disease process. After all it is impossible to dismiss the human factor and belief of each chief in the necessity». – Теоретически – определить функции каждого работника, правильно их распределить, провести реструктуризацию и увольнения. Это сложный и болезненный процесс. Ведь нельзя сбрасывать со счетов человеческий фактор и веру каждого начальника в свою необходимость».
«The paradox consists that surplus of heads – the phenomenon almost insuperable, – is spoken by Maryanna Slivnitsky. – For example if it is supposed that on each two persons the manager for management of four employees it is employed two heads and accordingly for them – one more is necessary. That is at staff in seven persons three are managers!» It is possible, the way out consists in change of the status of heads. То есть при штате в семь человек трое являются менеджерами!» Возможно, выход из ситуации заключается в изменении статуса руководителей.
«There is one interesting feature of understanding of the term"chief"in Russia, – the head of the Center of effective learning of foreign languages Marina Vorontsova speaks. – For Russian, especially for representatives of the senior generation, the chief is the one who works less and receives more. It is wanted by everything, as leads to situations when начальственный everything have the status, but thus anybody for what doesn't answer. That the chief is first of all the person who in a situation of decision-making and responsibility for all consequences appears extreme, people prefer not to think». But here at new generation the system of the vertical management focused on status growth, already meets much less often.« Chiefs "are replaced" by responsible (leaders) of the project ». Growth in a post occurs naturally simultaneously to gradual expansion of a field of responsibility. According to Marina Vorontsovoj, at such approach to formation of a management struggle for imperiousness as for an accessory to the higher caste occurs all less often. Этого хотят все, что и приводит к ситуациям, когда начальственный статус имеют все, но при этом никто ни за что не отвечает. О том, что начальник – это прежде всего человек, который в ситуации принятия решения и ответственности за все последствия оказывается крайним, люди предпочитают не думать». Но вот у нового поколения система вертикального менеджмента, ориентированная на статусный рост, уже встречается гораздо реже. «Начальники» сменяются «ответственными (ведущими) проекта». Рост в должности происходит естественным образом одновременно с постепенным расширением поля ответственности. По словам Марины Воронцовой, при таком подходе к формированию руководства борьба за начальственность как за принадлежность к высшей касте происходит все реже.
How many should be chiefs
Accurate distribution of duties in the company can brake growth of the operating personnel. «Many chiefs in the Russian companies like to transfer responsibility for work from one head on another, – Olga Starikova from the company« tells Alajn the Personnel ». – Therefore if each chief has accurately designated duties, powers and a level of responsibility it is good». – Поэтому если у каждого начальника есть четко обозначенные обязанности, полномочия и уровень ответственности, то это хорошо».
«Experience shows that one manager can effectively operate 5-6 employees who submit to it directly, – the chief executive of company Begin Group Maryanna Slivnitsky speaks. – Accordingly in group of 10-12 persons can be no more than 2 heads. If it is more than them, the company overpays to managers for skills which aren't used to the full. If it is less (in the small companies often there is a situation when the head daily supervises more than 10 persons) control appears insufficient and there are problems». Если их больше, то компания переплачивает менеджерам за навыки, которые не используются в полной мере. Если меньше (в небольших компаниях часто возникает ситуация, когда руководитель ежедневно контролирует более 10 человек), то контроль оказывается недостаточным и появляются проблемы».
What to do, if it is too much chiefs
Often in structures with the raised maintenance of chiefs it is possible to observe such picture. At occurrence of a problem with performance of any task the management starts to deliver messages on all начальственной to a chain. Thus chiefs of different level develop rough activity, decisions make, sort out relations among themselves and play «spoiled phone». To the concrete executor of the task who frequently could solve a problem for 5 minutes, nobody addresses at a decision-making stage. And commissions from a high management often reach it in the deformed kind. In this situation always there are two questions. Theoretical: «Why adult people participate in it?». And practical: «What to do?» При этом шефы разного уровня развивают бурную деятельность, принимают решения, выясняют отношения между собой и играют в «испорченный телефон». К конкретному исполнителю задания, который зачастую мог бы решить проблему за 5 минут, никто не обращается на стадии принятия решений. А поручения от высокого руководства часто доходят до него в искаженном виде. В этой ситуации всегда возникают два вопроса. Теоретический: «Почему взрослые люди в этом участвуют?». И практический: «Что делать?»
In such viscous bureaucratic situation the subordinate not to substitute itself under blow, should behave also officially, – советуетректор Institute NlPmihail Pelehatyj. - very much helps to give concrete – sometimes too detailed – the report on the actions made by it. Sometimes – even with hourly breakdown: for example, at 16.00 has received the task, at 16.30 has collected the information, has started to write the report and so on. Such behavior can both to provide to the worker some kind of "alibi", and to cause return reaction from bureaucratic system. After all the numerous heads just such reaction least expect. Formally to carp there is nothing, but also guilty isn't present. In the future such problem will charge most likely to other employee, less skillful in reflection of a bureaucratic delicacy of a management. Иногда – даже с почасовой разбивкой: например, в 16.00 получил задание, в 16.30 собрал информацию, начал писать отчет и так далее. Такое поведение может как обеспечить работнику своего рода «алиби», так и вызвать обратную реакцию со стороны бюрократической системы. Ведь многочисленное начальство как раз такую реакцию меньше всего ожидает. Формально придраться не к чему, но и виновного нет. В будущем такую задачу поручат скорее всего другому сотруднику, менее искусному в отражении бюрократических изысков руководства.
If you the subordinate just at such heads:
- At all don't show the initiative. For it also will suffer.
- At all don't say that to you this problem not on forces. Bureaucrats, as a rule, adhere only to one (!) strategy of behavior and perceive all very directly. The uncertainty stated by you once most likely will be remembered for a long time. Высказанная вами однажды неуверенность скорее всего запомнится надолго.
- If to you nevertheless have charged «to make that, I do not know that», at least, in the report formulate (quote, perhaps) this problem in that kind in what it has reached you. In bureaucratic system fixed on a paper always it was more important than the oral form. Therefore be not too lazy all задокументировать and to give in the unpacked kind to the heads. Поэтому не поленитесь все задокументировать и предоставить в распечатанном виде начальству.
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Frequently at high parents children grew rather low and on the contrary. Now scientists have developed a technique which allows to define to within several centimeters the future growth of the child …
To foresee during a time of the childhood and a youth of the person, what growth will be at it in an adult condition, earlier was considered almost impossible. As a rule, parents guessed about it, proceeding from own parameters. If, for example, the father and mother – high it was supposed, as their child is not small. These forecasts no means always however came true. Frequently at high parents children grew rather low and on the contrary. Now scientists have developed a technique which allows to define to within several centimeters the future growth of the child, proceeding from the several data by which it is easy to measure. Если, например, отец и мать – высокие, то предполагалось, что и их чадо будет не маленьким. Однако сбывались эти прогнозы далеко не всегда. Зачастую у высоких родителей дети вырастали относительно невысокими и наоборот. Сейчас же ученые разработали методику, которая позволяет с точностью до нескольких сантиметров определить будущий рост ребенка, исходя из нескольких данных, которые легко измерить.
To parents of those kids who thirst to present growth of the fumes in the future, it is enough to arm with centimeter and scales – and the picture will be soon absolutely clear. To calculate this figure, it is simple enough under the special scheme to make a series of simple calculations, using the following data: age of the child, its weight, growth and growth in position sitting. возраст ребенка, его вес, рост и рост в положении сидя.
Scientists have checked up the technique more than on 200 boys and 100 girls, and in most cases their calculations have proved to be true: children grew with predicted dynamics. The error in calculations made an order of 5 sm at boys and 6-7 – at girls. As a whole the technique yielded exact results for boys and girls at the age from 6 till 18 years which normally developed and had no diseases, capable to affect dynamics of their growth. Also doctors say that, probably method developed by it won't work in case it is required to calculate possible growth of the child not the European race, as during scheme working out (with which details, by the way, it is possible to familiarize on one of Internet sites to the address: http://www.usask.ca/kinesiolo gy/research_index.php) children with white skin color were involved only. Погрешность же в вычислениях составляла порядка 5 см у мальчиков и 6-7 – у девочек. В целом методика давала точные результаты для мальчиков и девочек в возрасте от 6 до 18 лет, которые нормально развивались и не имели никаких заболеваний, способных повлиять на динамику их роста. Также врачи говорят о том, что, возможно, разработанный им метод не будет работать в случае, если понадобится рассчитать возможный рост ребенка не европейской расы, так как во время разработки схемы (с подробностями которой, кстати, можно ознакомиться на одном из интернет-сайтов по адресу: http://www.usask.ca/kinesiology/research_index.php) привлекались только дети с белым цветом кожи.
Researchers are inclined to highly appreciate the working out. In their opinion, the given technique which is not demanding any special expenses, becomes serious help in work, for example, sports trainers. They especially specify that all other ways to define growth of the person in an adult condition in its childhood have been interfaced to considerable time and monetary expenses, and also demanded special researches (as, for example, a method of studying of aging of bones). Они особо указывают на то, что все прочие способы определить рост человека во взрослом состоянии в его детские годы были сопряжены со значительными временными и денежными затратами, а также требовали специальных исследований (как, например, метод изучения старения костей).
1. About Gates – from its permission or without that – the weight of books is written. Search of books in Amazon.com with keyword Gates gives 137.632 results (on keyword Gates 200.390 books – a comment "Cursor" today respond). Поиск книг в Amazon.com с ключевым словом Gates дает 137.632 результата (на ключевое слово Gates сегодня отзываются 200.390 книг – прим. «Курсор»).
2. The first company based by it was called Traf-O-Data.
3. Originally he wrote the name of the present company as Micro Soft.
4. Its great-grandfather was the legislator and the mayor, the grandfather – the vice-president of the State bank of staff, and the father – the safe lawyer.
5. When in 1968 in prestigious college Lejksajd the first computers have been established, Gates has started to spend the day and the night there, and its progress has sharply decreased.
6. Gates, Paul Allen and their friends in Lejksajd wrote unlawful programs and somehow time have broken computer work.
7. In the childhood Bill very much liked to shake on a swing. If now he has to reflect, it again starts to be shaken. Если сейчас ему приходится задумываться, он опять начинает раскачиваться.
8. Employment in Harward quickly have bored it, and he was engaged in programming or played poker.
9. Gates has declared to the professors at university that becomes the millionaire still before to it 30 years will be executed.
10. Gates became the billionaire in 31 year.
11. One of these professors has told about it: «Bill was the remarkable programmer, but the disgusting person». «Билл был замечательным программистом, но отвратительной личностью».
12. Chaotic life in Harward has resulted in its summer of 1974 on a hospital cot, and he has thrown study.
13. He has written the first program, still going to school, it helped effective planning of class periods. Gates used the program to register in that class where there were cute girls. Гейтс использовал программу для того, чтобы записаться в тот класс, где были смазливые девочки.
14. Gates married Melinde the Service jacket in January, 1994 on one of the Hawaiian Islands which he rented for this purpose.
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The teacher of the Sydney Catholic institute the sister Michel Konnoli has come to a conclusion that the Bible – the best guidebook for lovers. The moral prejudices which have appeared much more after the Holy Writ, became an obstacle to correct treatment of the divine book.
Whether it is written to Bibles about sex? This question is answered unequivocally in the affirmative with the leading theologian of the Sydney Catholic university Michel Konnoli. The sister is assured that mutual relations between the man and the woman in bed – very important component of human life which it is necessary to concern very carefully. Сестра уверена, что взаимоотношения между мужчиной и женщиной в постели – очень важная составляющая человеческой жизни, к которой надо относиться очень бережно.
The teacher considers that sex – the most generous gift of the Lord which should be accepted with huge pleasure and gratitude. However today it is accepted to think of this phenomenon as about something dirty and low, unworthy the believing person. Sister Konnoli tries to deny such opinion, declaring that the Bible reflects culture of the ancient world where 90 % of the population were made by peasants. However in the course of time, the society tried окультуриваться and, accordingly, to acquire prejudices more and more. For this reason the person has regarded as of paramount importance honor, instead of needs of nature. As a result people have deformed the behavior and began to be ashamed of sex. Сестра Конноли пытается опровергнуть такое мнение, заявляя, что Библия отражает культуру древнего мира, где 90% населения составляли крестьяне. Однако с годами, общество все больше пыталось окультуриваться и, соответственно, обрастать предрассудками. Именно поэтому человек поставил во главу угла честь, а не естественные потребности. В результате люди исказили свое поведение и стали стыдиться секса.
Besides, confirming to the conclusions, sister Konnoli has reminded bible lines: “the young man should remain at home within a year with the wife to take pleasure in it”. According to the theologian, it helps to save the husband from depravity by the immoral woman. По словам теолога, это помогает уберечь мужа от развращения безнравственной женщиной.
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